BOYSEN, S. / GOMMEREN, K. / HALHOUB, S.
1. Introduction
Evolution
Using binary questions
Summary
2. General technique
Introduction to the Calgary Pleural and Lung
Ultrasound (PLUS) approach
Indications
Contraindications and complications
Serial exams
Machine functions
Transducer manipulations
Patient positioning and preparation
The Calgary PLUS Technique
Application of the Calgary PLUS approach
3. Image interpretation: Normal findings
Bat sign
Glide sign
A lines
B lines
Curtain sign
Lung pulse
Dry lung
Z lines
4. Image interpretation: Clinical applications for the pleural space
Is there pneumothorax?
Probe orientation/selection
Where and how to look for pneumothorax
(step by step)
Key criteria to rule out pneumothorax
Key criteria to confirm pneumothorax
Pitfalls
Is there pleural effusion?
Probe orientation/selection
Where and how to look for pleural effusion (step by step)
Key criteria to rule out pleural effusion
Key criteria to confirm pleural effusion
Tricks to differentiate pleural from pericardial
effusion
Pitfalls
5. Image interpretation: Clinical applications for the lungs (visceral pleural surface)
Is there alveolar interstitial syndrome (AIS)?
Probe orientation/selection
Where and how to look for AIS (step by step)
Key criteria to rule out AIS
Key criteria to confirm AIS
Pitfalls
Is there lung consolidation?
Probe orientation/selection
Classifications of lung consolidation
Where and how to look for lung consolidation
(step by step)
Key criteria to rule out lung consolidations
Key criteria to confirm lung consolidations
Pitfalls
Is there pleural thickening and/or subpleural irregularities?
Where and how to look for pleural thickening and subpleural irregularities
Defining pleural thickening and subpleural irregularities
Significance of pleural thickening and subpleural irregularities
6. Lung and pleural space procedures
Thoracocentesis
Chest tube placement
Lung aspirate/biopsy
This book is designed to be a reference for both the new and experienced veterinary point-of-care sonographer. It includes tips and information nonspecialists will find helpful in assessing the pleural space and lung. It covers a step-by-step approach to performing pleural space and lung ultrasound and uses a binary question approach to allow novices and experts alike to master and grow their skills. It is accompanied by videos, which can be accessed through the eBook version or QR codes.
